{"id":7550,"date":"2019-11-15T12:26:01","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T12:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/newweb.cgcri.res.in\/hindi\/?page_id=7550"},"modified":"2023-12-27T17:04:40","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T11:34:40","slug":"%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%ac%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cgcri.res.in\/hindi\/%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%ac%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.3.2&#8243; background_color=&#8221;rgba(255,119,61,0.89)&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|0|0px|false|false&#8221; global_module=&#8221;1611&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; module_id=&#8221;very-top-bar&#8221; 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\u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0964 \u095e\u094b\u092e \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0928\u094c\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0949\u091f \u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092a\u0940\u0932\u0947, \u0928\u0940\u0932\u0947, \u0939\u0930\u0947, \u0932\u093e\u0932, \u0932\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0920 \u0928\u090f \u0911\u0928-\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0930\u0902\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 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justify;\">\u0938\u0928-\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u091c\u0940\u0938\u0940\u0906\u0930\u0906\u0908 \u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0936\u0915 (1960s)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.3&#8243; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 1961 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u091f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964\/<\/li>\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 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\u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0949\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n<li>\u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0928\u0949\u0928 \u092b\u0947\u0930\u0949\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0949\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938, \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0940<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u0932\u0915\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0930\u0940, \u0927\u0928\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 225 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0921 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;\u092a\u0902\u091a\u092e \u0926\u0936\u0915 (1990s)     &#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.27.3&#8243; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50% \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e 50% \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u094b\u0916\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0910\u0936, \u091a\u093e\u0935\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0916 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0949\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0947\u091f \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/li>\n<li>\u0911\u092a\u094d\u0925\u0947\u0932\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0940\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940-\u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0921\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b-\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/li>\n<li>\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u0915\u094b\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0916\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u0930\u094b\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964\n<ul><\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;\u091b\u0920\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915 (2000 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0915)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.3.2&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>\u091c\u0948\u0935\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f (\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b-\u090f\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935<\/span><span>)<\/span><span> \u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a <\/span><span>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924<\/span> <span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/span> <span>\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925<\/span> <span>\u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f <\/span><span>\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/span> <span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935<\/span> <span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928<\/span> <span>\u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930<\/span> <span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0932\u093f\u0924<\/span> <span>SiC <\/span><span>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 <\/span><span>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u091a<\/span> <span>\u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/span> <span>\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u0932\u094c\u0939<\/span> <span>\u0905\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915<\/span> <span>\u0905\u0935\u0936\u0947\u0937\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0938\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/span> <span>\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/span> <span>\u0915\u093e<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e<\/span> <span>\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932<\/span> <span>\u0914\u0930<\/span> <span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/span> <span>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940<\/span> <span>\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0915<\/span> <span>\u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0940<\/span> <span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0905\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 (<\/span><span>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/span><span>&#8211;<\/span><span>\u0932\u094b)<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/span> <span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940<\/span> <span>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/span> <span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>CATV <\/span><span>\u0914\u0930<\/span> <span>\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 <\/span><span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u092a\u0948\u0915\u0947\u091c\u094d\u0921<\/span> <span>\u0938\u0940<\/span><span>&#8211;<\/span><span>\u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921<\/span> <span>\u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932<\/span> <span>\u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0940\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0917\u0948\u0930<\/span><span>&#8211;<\/span><span>\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0940\u092f<\/span> <span>\u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932<\/span> <span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u092b\u0941\u0932\u0930\u0940\u0928<\/span> C<sub>60<\/sub> <span>\u0921\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0921<\/span> <span>\u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0915<\/span> <span>\u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915<\/span> <span>\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/span> <span>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b<\/span><span>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span> <span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923<\/span> <span>\u0915\u093e<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u092a\u0902\u091a\u092e\u0941<\/span><span>\u095c\u093e<\/span><span>, <\/span><span>\u092c\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0941<\/span><span>\u095c\u093e<\/span><span>, <\/span><span>\u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e<\/span> <span>\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932<\/span> <span>\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> <span>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0940<\/span> <span>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 (<\/span><span>\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0915\u0930\u0940)<\/span> <span>\u0914\u0930<\/span> <span>\u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u091a\u092e\u0915\u0926\u093e\u0930<\/span> <span>\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094b\u091f\u093e<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940<\/span> <span>\u0938\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921<\/span> <span>\u091c\u0940<\/span><span>&#8211;<\/span><span>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span> <span>\u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/span> <span>\u0915\u093e<\/span> <span>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0916\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/span> <span>\u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> <span>\u092e\u0940\u0925\u0947\u0928<\/span> <span>\u0915\u093e<\/span> <span>\u092a\u0924\u093e<\/span> <span>\u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span> <span>\u0917\u0948\u0938<\/span> <span>\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;\u0938\u093e\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0926\u0936\u0915 (2010 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926)&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.3.2&#8243; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; open=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span>\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a<\/span> <span>\u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932<\/span><span>\u093e<\/span><span>\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0938\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0938\u093f\u092c\u0932 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u00a0<\/span><span>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u092b\u092c\u0940\u091c\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nd- <\/span><span>\u0921\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a<\/span> <span>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <\/span><span>\u0925\u0942<\/span><span>\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0907\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/span><span>&#8211;<\/span><span>\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0915\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0921 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Er <span>\u0914\u0930 <\/span>Er\/Yb <span>\u0921\u094b\u092a\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u090f\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0932\u0940\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0935\u0930 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e\u0901\u091a<\/span> <span>\u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940<\/span><span>&#8211;<\/span><span>\u0930\u093f\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935<\/span><span>\/<\/span><span>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <\/span><span>\u0930\u093f\u092b\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 <\/span><span>\u0930\u0948\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0916\u093f\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0936\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 <\/span><span>\u092c\u0940\u0921\u094d\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0928 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/span><\/li>\n<li>HAp<span> \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0930\u093f\u092b\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u092c<\/span><span>\u0932\u094d\u0938 <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u0902 <\/span><span>\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0928\u0940 <\/span><span>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 <\/span><span>\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0908\u091f\u0940\u0913 \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091d\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0915\u0928\u094d\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u093f<\/span><span>\u0928\u093f\u0935\u092e <\/span><span>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0928\u0940\u0932\u0947<\/span> <span>\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947<\/span> <span>\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0928 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; module_id=&#8221;bottom-logo&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.17.6&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;8px|0px|6px|0px|false|false&#8221; global_module=&#8221;1614&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;8px|0px|7px|0px|false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_code module_id=&#8221;mandatory-logo&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.3.2&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csir.res.in\/\" onclick=\"return confirm('Are you sure? 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